The law introduced new exclusive artisanal mining areas, the Zone d'Exploitation Artisanales (ZEAs, Artisanal Mining Zones), with access granted through a carte d'exploitant artisanal (artisanal miner card) (Government of DRC 2002). This legal system prevailed in the DRC until 2018 when the Mining Code was updated to reflect …
A 2002 Mining Code (Law no. 007/2002).authorizes ASM mining within strictly prescribed limits, including that all miners must be adults and all must have valid licenses to work only in Zones d'exploitation artisanale (ZEAs, or artisanal mining zones). That mining code was amended in 2018 (Law no. 018/024) to increase taxes on mining …
of the World Economic Forum White Paper series. Titled Making Mining Safe and Fair – Artisanal Cobalt Extraction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the report concluded that ASM operations are an integral part of cobalt mining in the DRC and that there is a growing need for formalization of artisanal mining.
deined exploitation or illegal rent-seeking – by armed actors. 1 . There are . three pathways that directly link mining and conlict. First, at the local level, conlicts over access to resources between a variety of stakeholders including mining cooperatives, landowners, artisanal miners, local communities, and armed actors are still common.
This study assesses the sustainability of artisanal mining there, finding much higher levels of cobalt in blood and urine of community members and especially of children. ... exploitation of their ...
The 2019 State of the Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sector is a collaboration between the World Bank Energy and Extractive Industries Global Practice, Pact, Surrey Business School University of Surrey, the Crawford School of Public Policy Australian National University, and Urban Studies and Planning ...
is identified as the 'global data gap' on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM).3 It outlines how through collaboration, the gap can be addressed to guide more effective ASM …
† Determined by national law or regulation as hazardous and, as such, relevant to Article 3(d) of ILO C. 182. ‡ Child labor understood as the worst forms of child labor per se under Article 3(a)–(c) of ILO C. 182.. Escalating conflict in the east rendered children increasingly vulnerable to recruitment by non-state armed groups, forced labor in artisanal mining, …
The 'absence' of the state (interview with Mazora at Just Right 22 November 2018) in artisanal mining areas has led to incidences of widespread violence and exploitation of miners across the countryside with criminal gangs wielding machetes (the now dreaded Mashurugwi) roaming the countryside and terrorising artisanal miners.
Artisanal gold mining is governed by customs, practices and beliefs that all communities observe and adhere to – local and Indigenous communities alike. The negative environmental impacts of artisanal gold mining are well documented, so too the exploitation of children and the accidents that regularly occur on extraction sites. But …
When this research started in mid-2019, only two initiatives in cobalt artisanal mining areas in the DRC had been implemented for at least one year: Better Mining and Mutoshi Cobalt Pilot Project and they were therefore selected for this study. They are described in the following section and the map below shows their location (Fig. …
Extreme danger and exploitation remains: most miners wear nothing beyond sandals, jeans and T-shirts, some shafts sink 100 metres deep — three times the legal …
1. Introduction. In a global context, artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is critical in poverty reduction. The ASM sector is a viable pathway for creating sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation initiatives, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (Osumanu, 2020, p. 209; Mhangara et al., 2020).According to estimations, at least 40 …
Transparent, equitable and optimal exploitation of mineral resources to underpin broad-based sustainable growth and socio-economic development is what is envisioned by the African Mining Vision. Formalisation is also given great prominence and the Vision clearly lays out the aspect of a mining sector that harnesses the potential of artisanal ...
Recently, there has been a rise in artisanal gold mining in several districts of the East Region, including Betare-Oya, Batouri, Garoua-Boulai, Boden Colomines, Yokadouma, and Kette (Fig. 1) [3, 38].The extraction methods involve open pit mining of the weathered primary gold deposits or from alluvial sediments using primitive methods, …
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities have contributed, in most cases, to the rural development of some African countries. Practically, these activities have influenced the ...
"Industrial mines, almost all of them, have artisanal miners working, digging in and around them, feeding cobalt into the formal …
Last year, many took to social media using the hashtag #NoCongoNoPhone to fight against the cobalt supply chain that fosters child labor and the exploitation of small-scale artisanal miners. The …
The environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) are currently a major issue globally. There is cause for concern given the rapid …
commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and forced labor in mining and agriculture. (1,15) Parents often entrust children to intermediaries who promise to take them to urban centers for education or improved living conditions, and these children are often subject to exploitation. (1) In the artisanal mining sector in
The increasing demand for gold, notably in the jewellery industry and other sectors such as finance, electronics, and aerospace, has exerted pressure on gold exploration and exploitation worldwide. Recently, Batouri has witnessed several exploration and exploitation efforts, predominantly by small scale mining companies. …
The global mining of gold among artisanal and small-scale mines is associated with numerous hazards. Traumatic and occupational hazards include mine collapse and cave-ins, crush injuries, burns, falls, barotrauma, drowning, asphyxiation, lacerations injuries from mining equipment, temperature-related maladies, and noise …
The definition of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) varies from country to country, but it generally involves the exploitation of deposits which are not profitable …
The most recent ILO research undertaken on a global scale estimates that 13 million people are engaged directly in small-scale mining activities throughout the world, mainly …
In the DRC's artisanal mining sector—which exists alongside the formal mining industry—children and adults toil underground for hours in dangerous tunnels, …
Lessons learned on managing the interface between large-scale and artisanal and small-scale gold mining. The new in-depth study 'Lessons Learned on managing the interface between the large-scale and artisanal and small-scale mining' includes case studies from 25 mines, operated by 15 gold mining companies covering 18 countries.
2.2.2 History of mining activities in Katanga 14 3 Methodological approach and objectives 17 4 Scope of the study 18 4.1 The cobalt supply-chains 18 4.2 Current stakeholders 19 4.2.1 Artisanal miners 19 4.2.2 State-owned companies 21 4.2.3 Private mining companies 22 4.2.4 Traders 23 4.2.5 The State 24
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is primitive with health problems determined by occupational, environmental, and social settings. ASM involves 80 + …
Reliable data enable observers, suppliers and policymakers to adress 'conflict minerals' trade in Eastern DRC When effectively monitored and mapped, legal and responsible artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) supply chains can promote peace and stability while providing livelihoods and contributing to rural development throughout the Great …
Objective: While artisanal mining takes place in casual framework and with total ignorance of good practices, few studies have focused on the origin of hazards specific to each workplace constitutive of this exploitation facility. Nevertheless, this study is a condition of an efficient occupational health and safety control in this sector.
