Section snippets Energy required for metal extraction. As the focus of this paper is primarily energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions for primary metal production, it is of interest to compare the theoretical and actual energy consumptions for metal extraction, as this comparison gives an indication of the likely …
The temperature had a great impact on the zinc concentrate leaching rate; the activation energy was calculated as 112 kJ/mol at 70–110 °C. Experimental results were used in the modeling of the direct leaching of the zinc-sulfide concentrate, and the reliability as well as the accuracy of the model parameters was studied with Markov …
A COMMERCIAL READY CONCENTRATE LEACH ALTERNATIVE Keith Mayhew, Tannice McCoy, and Rob Mean Teck Resources Limited 12380 Horseshoe Way Richmond, BC Canada V7A 4Z1 ... energy efficient and low cost process [12]. Supergene mineralization makes up the balance (~20%) of global copper mine supply and ...
In Zimbabwe, energy still remains a key enabler for many SDGs — from expanding access to electricity, to improving clean cooking fuels, from reducing wasteful …
With the world's ever-expanding push to expand technological capabilities, the need for specialized materials including rare earth elements has exploded. One source found in the USA is bastnaesite, a rare earth bearing fluorocarbonate mineral, currently mined at the Mountain Pass Mine in California. To increase production, it is essential to …
The article gives test data on the influence exerted by energy impacts (ultrasonic, electrochemical and thermal) on the recovery of zirconium and rare earth elements from eudialyte concentrate to leach solution in acid leaching. An original installation is developed for the implementation of leaching. Based on the research findings on the …
Biological methods for leaching of nonferrous and noble metals from its sulfide ores are widely applied at industrial enterprises of different countries. This process is based on the use of the oxidative activity of acidophilic microorganisms. Since all bio systems are quite sensitive to the temperature, bacterial leaching process also …
Oxygen pressure acid leaching residue of zinc sulfide concentrateOxygen pressure acid leaching residue of zinc sulfide concentrate contains abundant elemental sulfurElemental sulfur that has excellent natural hydrophobicity, and thus, it is considered an important...
Leaching is a step in hydro- and electrometallurgical processes and has been also employed for the recovery of metals from waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). ... The process can be used both for the production of a concentrated solution of a valuable solid, or it can be used to remove an insoluble solid that is contaminating a ...
Compared to these methods, pressure leaching is cleaner and more efficient, and has been extensively applied in the processing of nickel [11], zinc [12], cobalt sulfides [13,14], and refractory gold concentrate [15,16], etc. But there are few relevant reports on the pretreatment of tin anode slime with pressure technology in alkaline medium.
Abstract. Recent policy discussions on energy use in Zimbabwe sparked interest in the economic case for energy efficiency, suggesting the need to investigate the relevant …
Processing of the petalite involves roasting the pre-heated concentrate with concentrated H 2 SO 4 followed by water leaching of the resulting Li 2 SO 4, solution …
Gold extraction by iodine-iodide solution is an effective and environment-friendly method. In this study, the method using iodine-iodide for gold leaching is proved feasible through thermodynamic calculation. At the same time, experiments on flotation gold concentrates were carried out and encouraging results were obtained. Through …
Is Zimbabwe serious about clean energy? With the country's commitment to meeting UN-enlisted Sustainable Development Goal 7, which advocates access to …
Abstract. The technical feasibility of ammonia leaching of platinum group mineral (PGM)-bearing Platreef flotation concentrates was investigated as an alternative method for the recovery of base metals before precious metal recovery.
The biogenic iron reagent has been previously shown to be more stable during high-temperature chemical leaching of gold-bearing pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite concentrate, indicated by less jarosite formed during chemical leaching (Fomchenko et al., 2009). This observation may indicate the advantages of biohydrometallurgical …
Lithium is a fundamental raw material for the renewable energy transition owing to its widespread use in rechargeable batteries and the deployment of electric vehicles 1,2,3,4.The electric vehicle ...
The most commonly used process in the smelting of zinc sulfide concentrate is roasting-leaching-electrodeposition [], during which a large amount of SO 2 is generated in the roasting process, resulting in environmental pollution.In the process of pressure leaching of zinc sulfide, elemental sulfur is generated, avoiding the generation …
The effect of declining ore grades on embodied energy for heap leaching of copper sulphide ore is shown in Fig. 9 and Table 3, Table 4. Download : Download full-size image; Fig. 9. Effect of ore grade on the embodied …
Introduction: Vat leaching is a widely utilized extraction technique in the field of hydrometallurgy, specifically for the recovery of valuable minerals from low-grade ores. This process involves the percolation of a leaching solution through a bed of crushed ore contained in a vat or tank. Vat leaching offers numerous advantages over traditional …
The effects of particle size, temperature, and leaching time on the leaching behavior of rare-earth elements were studied. The leaching efficiency of the rare earth reached 39.24% under leaching conditions of hydrochloric acid concentration of 8.00 mol/L, particle size 95% distributed below 1.5 μm, leaching time of 120 min, and temperature …
Zimbabwe's energy needs are threefold: first, reduced dependence on energy imports; second, efficient development of indigenous resources; and third, efficient use of all .
1. Introduction. Pyrometallurgical methods for producing zinc metal have always been plagued with environmental pollution issues, such as toxic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2), arsenic, and mercury [1].Therefore, a hydrometallurgical direct leaching process was developed and commercialized to avoid the air pollution concerns related …
The chemical analysis of both the high- and low-iron flotation concentrates is presented in Table 1.The high-iron concentrate contains 34–39% Zn and 8–11% Fe, whereas the low-iron sample has more zinc (46%) and less iron (~ 3%).Prior to the leaching experiments, these concentrates were dry ground and wet sieved to yield a …
An energy-efficient route for simultaneous extraction of lithium, rubidium and cesium from a lepidolite concentrate via concentrated sulfuric acid baking followed by …
With the rapid growth of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the recycling of electrode materials has become a hot topic in research. Considering the economic factors, the recovery of cathode electrodes has always been the focus of research. Until now, the recovery of anode electrode materials has gained much attention due to their large …
The leaching behavior of gold from the concentrate with the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate and cyanide solutions has been published in previous studies (Wang et al., 2019a).A gold extraction of 67.0% can be obtained by a standard cyanidation, indicating the concentrate is a typical refractory gold ore.
This study gives detailed data on the characterisation, concentrate roasting with H 2 SO 4, subsequent water leaching of the resulting Li 2 SO 4, solution purification, and precipitation of Li 2 CO 3.
Acid roasting and leaching of petalite concentrate is not entirely selective as co-dissolution of impurities also occurs. The resulting leach liquor contains aluminium, calcium, magnesium, iron and other impurities which can be removed by pH control and addition of a carbonate (Averill and Olson, 1977).CaCO 3 was added little by little to the …
A response surface with high statistical confidence (R 2 = 0.997) was obtained using CCD.. The optimum condition for chalcopyrite dissolution (∼90%) was obtained using CCD. • High copper extraction was obtained for [Fe 2+] i:ρ pulp ratio around to 80.. Response surface methodology with the parameters [Fe 2+] i and ρ pulp is a new …
